Bronchoscopy using a head-mounted mixed reality device—a phantom study and a first in-patient user experience

Background: Bronchoscopy for peripheral lung lesions may involve image sources such as computed tomography (CT), fluoroscopy, radial endobronchial ultrasound (R-EBUS), and virtual/electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy. Our objective was to evaluate the feasibility of replacing these multiple monitors with a head-mounted display (HMD), always providing relevant data in line sight bronchoscopist. Methods: A total 17 pulmonologists wearing HMD (Microsoft ® HoloLens 2) performed bronchoscopy electromagnetic phantom. The bronchoscopists first conducted an inspection target, followed by experience evaluated using questionnaire. Finally, used two patients presenting hemoptysis. Results: In phantom study, perceived quality video images assessed visual analog scale, 100% representing optimal quality. score 58% (95% confidence interval [CI] 48%–68%) quality, 43% CI 30%–56%). Contrast, color rendering, resolution were all considered suboptimal. Despite adjusting brightness settings, rendering too dark. Navigation target biopsy sampling accomplished participants, no significant difference procedure time between experienced less bronchoscopists. overall system latency stream 0.33–0.35 s. Fifteen would consider periphery, not at all. human feasible both patients. Conclusion: Video inferior that monitors. 2 suboptimal airway mucosa but be adequate virtual navigation.